Earth Science 900 Score Keys Ninth grade students study the origin of the solar system, space distance, dating techniques, and discovering small planetary bodies. They learn the concept of a galaxy, galaxy classification, and about protogalaxies. Students study the earth's layers, the Continental Drift Theory, seafloor spreading, types of tectonic plates, volcanoes and earthquakes. Ninth grade students study the greenhouse effect, climates, and the biosphere. They study thermal layers and the ozone layer. Students study mountain regions, the desert, the great central valley region, and the coastal ranges.